natureПриродопользованиеNature Management2079-3928Институт природопользования НАН Беларусиnature-17Research ArticleГЕОГРАФИЯ. ГЕОЭКОЛОГИЯGEOGRAPHY. GEOECOLOGYПодходы к оценке рисков в связи с загрязнением почв на урбанизированных территориях (на основе зарубежного опыта)Approaches to risk assessment associated with soil contamination in urban areas (based on foreign experience)КозыренкоМ. И.KazyrenkaM. I.

Козыренко Маргарита Ивановна – кандидат географических наук, старший научный сотрудник.

ул. Ф. Скорины, 10, 220076, Минск

Marharyta I. Kazyrenka – Ph. D. (Geography), Senior Researcher, Institute of Nature Management of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.

10, F. Skoriny Str., 220076, Minsk

margarita_kozyrenko@tut.byКухарчикТ. И.KukharchykT. I.

Кухарчик Тамара Иосифовна – доктор географических наук, главный научный сотрудник.

ул. Ф. Скорины, 10, 220076, Минск

Tamara I. Kukharchyk – D. Sc. (Geography), Chief Researcher, Institute of Nature Management of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.

10, F. Skoriny Str., 220076, Minsk

tkukharchyk@gmail.comИнститут природопользования НАН БеларусиInstitute of Nature Management of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus202228102025012235Copyright © Козыренко М.И., Кухарчик Т.И., 20252025Козыренко М.И., Кухарчик Т.И.Kazyrenka M.I., Kukharchyk T.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.nature-journal.by/jour/article/view/17

Оценка экологического риска в связи с загрязнением почв является одним из важных элементов эффективного управления загрязненными территориями, поскольку позволяет выявить наиболее важные пути поступления загрязняющих веществ в организм человека и определить опасность загрязнения почв с точки зрения воздействия на здоровье человека. В городах особого внимания заслуживают территории промышленных предприятий, подлежащие освоению и преобразованию в городские ландшафты.

Проанализированы методические подходы к оценке опасности в связи с загрязнением почв, базирующиеся на концепции риска для здоровья населения. Охарактеризованы модели CalTOX, USETox, MMSoils, 3MRA, SADA и другие, разработанные и используемые в зарубежных странах.

Показано, что для практического применения в Беларуси наибольшими преимуществами обладает модель SADA в связи с ее доступностью и встроенными GIS-технологиями, что дает возможность в короткие сроки получить визуальную ориентировочную картину распределения рисков. Выполнена апробация данной модели для постпромышленной территории, расположенной в г. Минске, при условии размещения на ней жилой застройки. В качестве исходных данных использованы результаты выборочного обследования промплощадки и определения содержания тяжелых металлов в почве. На примере цинка и кадмия показано, что их замеренные концентрации при ингаляционном, пероральном и контактном путях поступления не представляют значимого риска для здоровья взрослых и детей. Установлено, что для рассмотренной территории возможна смена функционального назначения, в том числе использование под жилую застройку, без принятия мер по очистке. Продемонстрированы уровни содержания кадмия в почвах, представляющие опасность возникновения неканцерогенных эффектов при проживании на такой территории.

Environmental risk assessment associated with soil contamination is one of the most important elements of effective management of contaminated sites, since it allows to identify the most important intake routs of contaminates to the human organism and to determine the risk of soil contamination in terms of impact on human health. The territories of industrial enterprises that are а subject to development and transformation into urban landscapes deserve special attention in cities.

Methodological approaches to hazard assessment due to soil contamination based on the concept of risk to public health are analyzed. Models CalTOX, USETox, MMSoils, 3MRA, SADA and others that are developed and used in foreign countries, are characterized.

It is shown that the SADA model has the maximum advantage for the practical application in Belarus due to its availability and built-in GIS technologies, which make it possible to obtain a visual indicative picture of the risks distribution. The SADA model has been tested for a post-industrial site located in Minsk, subject to use as a residential area. The results of a selective investigation of the industrial site and the determination of the heavy metals content in the soil as initial data were used. On the example of zinc and cadmium, it has been demonstrated that their measured concentrations do not pose a significant risk to the health of adults and children by inhalation, oral and contact intake routes. It has been established that it is possible to change the functional use of the territory, including the residential use, without soil cleanup activities. The levels of cadmium content in soils, which pose risk of non-carcinogenic effects for humans living in the territory are demonstrated.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.