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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nature</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Природопользование</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nature Management</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-3928</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Институт природопользования НАН Беларуси</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nature-62</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕОГРАФИЯ. ГЕОЭКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GEOGRAPHY. GEOECOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Компонентно-гармонический метод сверхдолгосрочного прогнозирования Атлантической мультидекадной осцилляции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The component-harmonic method of ultra-long-term forecasting of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Логинов</surname><given-names>В. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Loginov</surname><given-names>V. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Логинов Владимир Фёдорович – академик, доктор географических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>ул. Ф. Скорины, 10, 220076, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir F. Loginov – Academician, D. Sc. (Geography), Professor, Chief Researcher</p><p>10, F. Skoriny Str., 220076, Minsk</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@nature-nas.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Микуцкий</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikutskiy</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Микуцкий Владимир Станиславович – кандидат физико-математических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>ул. Ф. Скорины, 10, 220076, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir S. Mikutsky – Ph. D. (Physical and Mathematical), Leading Researcher</p><p>10, F. Skoriny Str., 220076, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mvs@nature-nas.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт природопользования НАН Беларуси</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Nature Management of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Логинов В.Ф., Микуцкий В.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Логинов В.Ф., Микуцкий В.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Loginov V.F., Mikutskiy V.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.nature-journal.by/jour/article/view/62">https://www.nature-journal.by/jour/article/view/62</self-uri><abstract><p>Сверхдолгосрочный прогноз (на год вперед и более) многолетних изменений Атлантической мультидекадной осцилляции (АМО) в силу преобладающего влияния Северной Атлантики на температурновлажностный режим Беларуси представляет существенный научный и практический интерес. С целью создания указанного прогноза использовался такой известный метод сверхдолгосрочного прогнозирования, как компонентно-гармонический. Было формализовано несколько вариантов аддитивных моделей адаптивного характера на основе линейного тренда и гармонических компонент, имитирующих квазигармонические колебания.</p><p>Модели построены с использованием скользящих временных окон с формированием прогноза на год, следующий за обучающей выборкой (скользящим окном). Рассматривались различные варианты скользящих окон, выбранных исходя из выявленных длительностей квазишестидесятилетней и квазидевятилетней гармоник. Определено, что второй по значимости вслед за квазишестидесятилетним колебанием в формировании значений АМО является квазидевятилетняя гармоника. Коэффициент корреляции наилучших моделей с наблюденными данными ρ = 0,6–0,7. К недостаткам моделей следует отнести занижение значений среднеквадратического отклонения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Due to the predominant influence of the North Atlantic on the temperature and humidity regime of Belarus, the forecast of the dynamics of such a temperature indicator as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) is of significant interest for the development of ultra-long-term forecasting methods (for a year ahead and more). In order to create this forecast, such a well-known ultra-long-term forecasting method was used as the component-harmonic method was used. Several variants of additive models of adaptive nature were formalized based on a linear trend and harmonic components simulating quasi-harmonic oscillations.</p><p>The models were built using moving time windows with a forecast for the year following the learning sample (moving window). Various variants of moving windows were considered, selected based on the revealed durations of the quasi-six-decade and quasi-nine-year harmonics. It is determined that the second most important after the quasi-sixty-year oscillation in the formation of AMO values is the quasi-nine-year harmonic. The correlation coefficient of the best models with the observed data is ρ = 0,6–0,7. The disadvantages of the models include underestimating of the values of the standard deviation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Атлантическая мультидекадная осцилляция</kwd><kwd>сверхдолгосрочное прогнозирование</kwd><kwd>квазигармонические колебания</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Atlantic Muldecadal Oscillation</kwd><kwd>ultra-long-term forecasting</kwd><kwd>quasi-harmonic oscillations</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сергин, В. Я. 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