Antimicrobial activity of the hydrolysates and oxidates of sphagnum peat and sphagnum moss

The purpose of this work was to obtain preparations from sphagnum peat and moss by the methods of oxidation in alkaline medium and hydrolysis in aqueous medium at the elevated temperature and initial studies of their antimicrobial activity on the pure cultures of pathogens of the agricultural plants. The conditions of oxidation and hydrolysis processes have been established in terms of temperature, duration, reagent consumption and maximum yield of soluble compounds. From sphagnum moss Sphagnum magellanicum, and three samples of sphagnum magellanicum peat with decomposition degree of 5; 10–15 and 20–25 % 11 samples of preparations were prepared, including 9 by oxidation and 2 by hydrolysis in aqueous medium at high temperature. Using the modified method of delayed antagonism, the biocidal activity of the preparations against a number of the phytopathogenic microorganisms of bacterial and fungal nature was studied. It has been found that the highest antibacterial activity against pathogen of tomato plants Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis N.P. had three preparations obtained from magellanicum peat with decomposition the degree of 5 % and 20–25 % by oxidation in ammonium hydroxide medium, as well as a sample obtained by the oxidation of magellanicum peat (20–25 %) in ammonium and sodium hydroxide medium (1 : 1) with the use of oxidation catalyst – cobalt salts. Aqueous hydrolysate of magellanicum peat with R = 5 % showed activity against two pathogens of tomato plants Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, C. michiganensis N.P. and Erwinia amylovora E2 – pathogen of fruit crops, and moss magellanicum – against two pathogens P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and C. michiganensis N.P. No antifungal effect was shown by any preparation.

1. Tomson A. E., Naumova G. V. Torf i produktyi ego pererabotki [Peat and the products of its proceeding]. Minsk, Belaruskaya Navuka Publ., 2009, pp. 56–141. (in Russian)

2. Naumova G. V., Thomson A. E., Zhmakova N. A., Makarova N. L., Ovchinnikova T. F. Biologicheski aktivnye soedineniya razlichnyh vidov sfagnovogo torfa [Biologically active compounds of various kinds of sphagnum peat]. Himiya tverdogo topliva = Chemistry of Solid Fuels, 2015, no. 3, pp. 8–13. (in Russian)

3. Babeshina L. G. Sfagnovye mhi Zapadno-Sibirskoj ravniny: morfologiya, anatomiya, ekologiya i primenenie v medicine [Sphagnum mosses of West Siberian plain: morphology, anatomy, ecology and application in medicine. Dr. biol. sci. abs. diss.]. Tomsk, 2011, 42 p. (in Russian)

4. Dmitruk V. N. Sravnitel'noe farmakognosticheskoe issledovanie roda Sphagnum i perspektivy ih ispol'zovaniya [Comparative pharmacognostic study of the genus Sphagnum and prospects for their use. PhD farm. sci. abs. diss.]. Samara, 2008, 22 p. (in Russian)

5. Lishtvan I. I., Korol' N. T. Osnovnye svojstva torfa i metody ih opredeleniya [Basic properties of peat and methods of their determination]. Minsk, 1975, 318 p. (in Russian)

6. Damberg B. E. Reaktsiya melanoidinoobrazovaniya i ee biologicheskoe znachenie [The melanoidin formation reaction and its biological significance]. Izvestiya AN Latviyskoy SSR = Proceedings of the Academy of Sci. of the Latvian SSR, 1986, no. 1, pp. 12–21. (in Russian)

7. Bertani G. Studies on lysogenesis. I. The mode of phage liberation by lysogenic Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol, 1951, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 293–300.

8. Wongjiratthiti A., Yottakot S. Utilisation of local crops as alternative media for fungal growth. Pertanika J. Trop. Agric. Sci., 2017, vol. 40, pp. 295–304.

9. Lysak V. V., Zheldakova R. A. Mikrobiologiya: metodicheskie rekomendacii k laboratornym zanyatiyam, kontrol' samostoyatel'noj raboty studentov [Microbiology: methodological recommendations for laboratory classes, control of students' independent work]. Minsk, 2002, 100 p. (in Russian)